Ina May lives in a culture she has contributed to forming in which birth is a normal, natural, exciting, joyful, transition into motherhood...that women are powerful both in their birthing prowess and in the strength of the support they provide to the birthing women in their community. Her amazing stats bear this out, showing evidence for the efficacy of this woman centred rather than technological approach to birth. There is very little in the birth stories Ina May features in her books that cannot be remedied by the loving and strong support of the spiritual midwives and other women close to the couple. Of COURSE the unexpected and even the dangerous can and does happen on occasion, even on the Farm. But for the most part her statistics tell a much different story than standard North American birth stories, that many issues that come up in labour can be resolved with more emotional support and spiritual excavation rather than medical intervention (not eschewing, of course, good medical care when necessary). Again, bear in mind those phenomenal outcome stats before pooh poohing.
The birthing culture I live in now is way different. My "culture" when I was having my babies consisted of a community which favoured home birth, home schooling, natural approaches to health, bed sharing, etc.. The far reaching majority of us had pretty straightforward home births, easy breastfeeding, and good postpartum support from friends. I don't think any of us had Cesareans, whereas now you can't throw a stick without hitting someone who's given birth surgically. What used to be considered a major thing is now becoming a norm. We held Blessingway ceremonies for each other during pregnancy and hung out a lot telling good birth stories and providing each other with emotional support. It was a beautiful time. Now these children we birthed and nourished are growing fast, many of them already grown. I pray our practices stick with them as they make their way through the ups and downs of today's North American birth culture.
It has been said that form follows function and function follows form. As above, so below. When our culture has such an overwhelming fear of the birth process, it makes sense this seems to be reflected in our birth outcome statistics. For all our shiny technology, our outcomes are pretty poor compared to Ina May's at the Farm. So many births seem to need epidurals and Cesareans despite the woman's best intentions. Women are told they couldn't have had a safe birth without their interventions. The poor old female pelvis is not the all powerful thing we seem to pay lip service to after viewing all those great birth documentaries, but apparently, according to our North American stats, an unpredictable lemon. When it works naturally, it's an awe and triumph, not really the norm. A natural birth is a rarity. In fact, in our present birth culture, natural birth is often seen as radical, sometimes even held in contempt not just by some of the medical community, but by many of the women themselves. This breaks my heart as it demonstrates a terrible collective misguidedness.
The way we prepare women for birth is so intellectual. Breathing techniques often consist of counting. Women seek to hypnotize themselves out of a fear response to the normal sensations of birth! I see women reading all the right books and wanting the image of that dream birth yet still buying the cultural fear so much that they will almost always in the end go for that 41 week induction for terror of sudden fetal death, or go to that hospital with 24 hour on call anesthesia just in case they can't handle it, but without exploring what "can't handle it" means. They get mad at their doctors sometimes for delivering the information and treatment outlines to them (and I don't blame them much of the time, as this information can sometimes be delivered in ways that make them feel like bad, neglectful parents if they don't do what they're told). In the end though, nobody goes to their houses, holds their faith in their bodies hostage, and takes them at gunpoint off to their intervention filled births. We must recognize that there is some choice here, and that we must own for the most part that which we make informed choices about. These choices shape our culture.
It is a hard thing for women in this culture to bear, and one that I believe to very much affect the mechanics and juicy hormones of birth: on the one hand you want a great natural birth inspired by the good stories and films out there, but on the other you ultimately feel you must trust Medicine as the last word and a very fear based aggressive approach, feeling backed into a corner and possibly resentful, yet unwilling (or in many cases unable due to lack of resources) to make different choices because of...you guessed it...the very fear that makes Medicine outline those choices. We are terrified of the unknown and for being responsible for choosing something that may ultimately make us suffer the horror of having hurt our babies. Medicine is afraid of the repercussion of uncontrolled choice as much as we are....thus everyone feeds off the fear and it continues to spiral out of control, to the extent that in some North American hospitals the Cesarean rate is over 50%. We keep choosing the more medical approach DESPITE the rather grim statistics (ie.: definitely not like Ina May's)which seem to illustrate that the more we mess with normal birth the more problems we seem to cause. YES, Medicine saves lives, and God bless it! YES, sometimes things happen out of the blue that necessitate quick and immediate medical care. And for that reason, though those quick emergencies are pretty rare (I sound like a broken record, but I again defer to Ina May's gorgeous stats), we continue to take calculated, controlled risks to our normal births, very likely causing more problems than would need to be treated if we didn't interfere so much with this process.
It is very hard to bring the Ina May approach into the hospital. Her approach is about trusting ourselves, the process, and the support. Her brand of midwifery is certainly wise and vigilant (again, check out the great birth outcomes), but it is dynamic and views the woman as a whole, not a check mark on the all mighty progress chart or an alarm bell going off when anything is not "average". Not that doctors are uncompassionate and uncaring...on the contrary, their choices are usually motivated by a lot of care. Ultimately, though, clinical responsibility and covering all contingencies is the absolute priority. That's the way it is. The Farm midwives know the relationship of the couple, know who's visiting whose hut, know the diet well....our doctors are not aware of these factors and cannot offer support that way. They are busy preventing and treating the many emergencies, which is not a bad thing.
So where do we find balance? While a doula certainly provides the loving, guiding aspect of support the Farm midwives do, we usually do so in the hospital. This is not the lovely home environment of Ina May's birth stories our clients read about and are inspired by. Instead, their births unfold in an environment that is saturated with the fear of all the bad things that can happen, the fear of not making all the right choices to save a baby's life, and an endless sea of strange faces coming and going and commenting. Having a doula present doesn't magically erase the heaviness of this environment. Surely we help. It is true our clients have less Cesareans and epidurals, but to believe their births will be like the ones on the Farm with the support of a doula within the hospital environment is simply not true. Doula or not, the pervading institutional-ness of the hospital will have a profound effect upon more sensitive physiologies, potentially creating in the end what will be a real need for interventions.
A doula's emotional support is powerful, it is true, and can reduce anxiety thus a need for many interventions, but our support can easily be undone by many different things....a shift change, another bit of information about the labour that requires a mom to be on a monitor more and frightened, an insensitive vaginal exam... A sensitive woman will definitely be thrown by a well meaning but misplaced comment or harsh word no matter the buffering power of her doula's word medicine.
I have seen the environment shut down a great labour despite my attempts, and this can make us feel really powerless sometimes. Sure, sometimes you are very grateful as a doula you were at the hospital because of a truly unforseen emergency. But often you have a sneaking suspicion that a little privacy and a little time off the monitor would have turned a "stalled" labour around instead of the epidural that was sold so hard you're all left reeling. And even though the labouring woman knows this on one level, fear of not doing what's suggested often bears out and influences her choices...which influences her labour....which co creates the bigger picture of our birth culture.
Luckily, we doulas have FAR more great stories than not, but let's face it....the books we write will never be like the stories they have on the Farm unless we live in a homebirthing culture. Yet we keep on slogging, praying that each great birth we attend contributes to a healing of this culture and the slow, slow swinging of the pendulum. For now, I seek to make hospital birth, which is the norm no matter what I have to say about it, as humane and as beautiful as I possibly can. If I didn't see great success with that much of the time, I couldn't continue doing this work. I would be walking around permanently wounded. So doulas, especially newer doulas who have been having their eyes opened to the reality of hospital birth despite their hopes and best intentions, though it sometimes seems overwhelming and impossible, don't give up. We are making a difference.
Lesley Everest
www.MotherWit.ca
